Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that usually develops after an injury, surgery, stroke, or heart attack. The pain is often disproportionate to the initial injury and may be accompanied by changes in skin color, temperature, and swelling in the affected limb. CRPS typically affects an arm or leg but can occur in other areas as well.
Common Symptoms
- Severe, burning, or aching pain in the affected limb
- Swelling and stiffness in joints
- Skin color changes (red, blue, or pale) and temperature fluctuations
- Sensitivity to touch or cold
- Abnormal hair or nail growth in the affected area
- Limited mobility due to pain
Why It Happens
CRPS arises from dysfunction in the peripheral and central nervous systems, often triggered by trauma or nerve injury. The condition causes abnormal inflammatory responses and changes in blood flow, leading to persistent pain and other sensory or motor disturbances.
Diagnosis
- Medical History Review – Detailed discussion of the onset, severity, and triggers of pain.
- Physical Exam – Assessment of skin changes, swelling, temperature differences, and range of motion.
- Imaging and Tests – Bone scans, MRI, or thermography may be used to evaluate changes in the affected limb and rule out other conditions.
How We Treat It
Treatment focuses on managing pain, restoring function, and preventing progression.
Treatment options may include:
- Physical and occupational therapy to improve movement and reduce stiffness
- Medications for nerve pain, inflammation, and swelling
- Sympathetic nerve blocks to interrupt abnormal nerve signaling
- Mirror therapy or desensitization techniques to reduce hypersensitivity
- Stress management and psychological support to address chronic pain impact