Degenerative Disc Disease
Degenerative disc disease occurs when the soft discs between the vertebrae in your spine gradually wear down. This natural process of aging, repetitive stress, or minor injuries can lead to stiffness, discomfort, or nerve irritation over time.
Common Symptoms
- Persistent or intermittent back or neck pain
- Pain that radiates to the hips, buttocks, or legs
- Stiffness and reduced flexibility in the spine
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness if nearby nerves are affected
Why It Happens
Discs act as shock absorbers, with a soft, gel-like center (nucleus pulposus) surrounded by a tough outer layer (annulus). Over time, repetitive pressure or small injuries can damage the annulus, creating tiny tears. The disc loses water and height, reducing its cushioning ability and placing extra stress on the spine, nearby joints, and nerves. Bone spurs may form, and in some cases, spinal stenosis can develop, compressing nerves and causing radiating pain.
Diagnosis
- Medical History Review – Discussing onset, severity, and triggers of pain.
- Physical Exam – Assessing spinal flexibility, muscle strength, and nerve function.
- Imaging Tests – MRI or X-rays to evaluate disc degeneration, joint changes, and possible nerve compression.
How We Treat It
Treatment focuses on reducing pain, improving spinal function, and preventing further degeneration.
Treatment options may include:
- Physical therapy to strengthen supporting muscles and improve flexibility
- Anti-inflammatory medications to relieve pain and swelling
- Epidural steroid injections to reduce nerve irritation
- Activity modification and personalized home exercise programs