Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy occurs when the peripheral nerves, responsible for transmitting signals between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, become damaged or dysfunctional. This can lead to sensations such as pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness, most commonly in the hands and feet. Depending on which nerves are affected, symptoms may also impact balance, coordination, or muscle control.
Common Symptoms
- Tingling or “pins and needles” in the hands or feet
- Numbness or reduced sensitivity to touch, temperature, or pain
- Burning, stabbing, or sharp pain in the extremities
- Weakness or difficulty controlling muscles in the hands or feet
- Problems with balance or coordination
Why It Happens
Peripheral neuropathy can result from a variety of causes, including diabetes, autoimmune diseases, infections, vitamin deficiencies, medication side effects, or physical injury. Chronic conditions, repetitive stress, or prolonged nerve compression may also contribute to nerve damage.
Diagnosis
- Medical History Review – Evaluating symptom patterns, underlying conditions, and family history.
- Physical Exam – Checking reflexes, muscle strength, sensation, and coordination.
- Diagnostic Tests – Nerve conduction studies, electromyography (EMG), blood tests, and sometimes imaging to determine the extent and type of nerve damage.
How We Treat It
Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, relieving symptoms, and improving nerve function.
Treatment options may include:
- Medications for nerve pain, such as anticonvulsants or antidepressants
- Physical therapy to improve strength, balance, and coordination
- Lifestyle modifications, including blood sugar control, nutrition, and exercise
- Occupational therapy or assistive devices for daily activities
- In some cases, procedures or medications to reduce inflammation or improve nerve health